MLB ROUNDUP: BULLPEN GUIDES REDS PAST CUBS
Joey Votto, Christian Encarnacion-Strand and Will Benson each had two hits and an RBI and six Cincinnati relievers held the Chicago Cubs to one run over 5 2/3 innings of the Reds’ 6-5 road victory Monday night.
Luke Maile added a two-run double for the National League Central-leading Reds, who scored three times each in the second and third innings, then hung on for their ninth win in 12 games.
On the mound, Buck Farmer (3-4), Fernando Cruz, Alex Young, Lucas Sims, Ian Gibaut and Alexis Diaz (32nd save) allowed only Christopher Morel’s RBI double in the eighth and struck out eight as Cincinnati won its fourth straight at Chicago in 2023.
Yan Gomes had three hits with an RBI for the Cubs, who have lost two straight after winning eight in a row. Marcus Stroman (10-8) allowed six runs on six hits in three innings.
Orioles 4, Blue Jays 2
Gunnar Henderson hit a solo homer, Kyle Gibson pitched six strong innings and visiting Baltimore defeated Toronto. The Orioles are 6-1 against the Blue Jays this season and have won all four games played in Canada.
Ryan Mountcastle had two doubles, a sacrifice fly and three RBIs for the Orioles in the opener of a four-game series. Gibson (10-6) allowed one run on four hits.
Toronto starter Chris Bassitt (10-6) allowed four runs on seven hits in six innings. Blue Jays shortstop Bo Bichette left the game in the third inning after experiencing what the team called “right knee discomfort.”
Rays 5, Yankees 1
Tyler Glasnow pitched seven sharp innings and Tampa Bay hit four homers to top host New York and end the month on a high note.
The Rays won for the third time in four games and beat the Yankees for the fifth time in eight meetings this year. Tampa Bay ended July at 8-16 and sent New York to its 13th loss in 20 games.
Brandon Lowe hit a two-run homer three batters in against New York spot starter Jhony Brito (4-5). Wander Franco, Isaac Paredes and Josh Lowe also went deep for the Rays. Glasnow (5-3) allowed a solo homer to Jake Bauers among three hits.
Phillies 4, Marlins 2
Taijuan Walker threw 6 2/3 effective innings and tied his career high in wins as Philadelphia rallied to defeat host Miami.
Walker (12-4) allowed two runs on six hits and has won eight of his past nine decisions. Johan Rojas ripped a two-run double in the fourth and Bryson Stott lofted a go-ahead sacrifice fly in the seventh for the Phillies.
Jorge Soler gave Miami a 2-0 lead in the first inning with his 25th homer, but the Marlins couldn’t overcome the 10 walks allowed by their pitchers. Tanner Scott (4-4) took the loss.
Nationals 5, Brewers 3
Joey Meneses had three hits, including a homer, and drove in three runs as Washington beat visiting Milwaukee.
Lane Thomas added two hits and two RBIs for the Nationals, who rallied from a 3-2 deficit in the seventh. Jordan Weems (2-0) pitched one-third of an inning for the win and Kyle Finnegan worked the ninth for his 15th save.
Joey Wiemer homered and Christian Yelich had three hits for the Brewers, who dropped their four straight game. Elvis Peguero (2-4) took the loss.
Angels 4, Braves 1
Luis Rengifo, Randal Grichuk and Chad Wallach each hit a solo homer to help Los Angeles post a victory over host Atlanta.
Shohei Ohtani reached base four times on two singles, an intentional walk and a hit by pitch as the Angels won for the 10th time in 13 games. Chase Silseth (3-1) gave up one run and three hits in five innings as the fill-in starter for Griffin Canning, who was scratched due to general soreness.
Matt Olson bashed his National League-leading 36th homer for the Braves, who had won six of their previous nine games.
Astros 7, Guardians 3
Rookie J.P. France continued his stellar stretch and Yordan Alvarez delivered a timely three-run home run as host Houston topped Cleveland.
The Astros closed to within a half-game of the idle Texas Rangers atop the American League West by rallying from an early two-run deficit. France (7-3) allowed two runs on seven hits in seven innings for his ninth quality start in his past 10 outings.
Noah Syndergaard made his Guardians debut and carried a shutout into the sixth. He left the game after being hit in the leg by a comebacker. Bo Naylor hit an RBI double for Cleveland.
D-BACKS ACQUIRE 3B JACE PETERSON FROM A’S
The Arizona Diamondbacks acquired third baseman Jace Peterson from the Oakland Athletics on Monday in exchange for minor league right-hander Chad Patrick.
Arizona will also receive cash considerations in the deal.
Peterson, 33, hit .221 with six homers and 28 RBIs in 92 games with the Athletics. He was in his first season with Oakland after spending the past three years with the Milwaukee Brewers.
A 10-year veteran who has played for six teams, Peterson is a career .230 hitter with 42 home runs, 235 RBIs and 73 stolen bases.
Patrick, 24, was 4-7 with a 4.71 ERA across 19 starts at Double-A Amarillo this season. The Diamondbacks selected Patrick in the fourth round (107th overall) of the 2021 draft.
It has already been an active trade deadline for Arizona, which traded infielder Josh Rojas, outfielder Dominic Canzone and minor league infielder Ryan Bliss to the Seattle Mariners earlier Monday for right-handed reliever Paul Sewald.
The Diamondbacks were 56-50 entering their Monday night game against the San Francisco Giants, four games back of the first-place Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League West.
GIANTS PLACE RF MIKE YASTRZEMSKI ON 10-DAY IL
The San Francisco Giants placed right fielder Mike Yastrzemski on the 10-day injured list on Monday due to a left hamstring strain after leaving Sunday’s game in the fifth inning.
Shortstop Isan Diaz was recalled from Triple-A Sacramento in a corresponding move.
Yastrzemski, 32, is batting .233 with 11 home runs and 32 RBIs in 77 games this season, his fifth with the Giants. He is a career .241 hitter.
Diaz, 27, last played for the big-league club in late June. He is 0-for-8 across two games with San Francisco in 2023 but has hit .258 with seven homers and 20 RBIs in 26 games with Sacramento and Class-A San Jose.
NATIONALS RHP TREVOR WILLIAMS PLACED ON BEREAVEMENT LIST
The Washington Nationals placed right-hander Trevor Williams on the bereavement list on Monday.
Fellow right-hander Hobie Harris was recalled from Triple-A Rochester in a corresponding move.
Williams, 31, started against the New York Mets on Sunday, allowing five runs on seven hits in four innings en route to taking the loss. He is 5-6 with a 4.72 ERA across 22 starts this season.
Harris, 30, has made 15 relief appearances for the Nationals this season. He is 0-0 with a 5.40 ERA.
RED SOX PLACE LHP JOELY RODRIGUEZ (HIP) ON 15-DAY IL
The Boston Red sox placed left-hander Joely Rodriguez on the 15-day injured list on Monday due to right hip inflammation.
The move is retroactive to Saturday, and Boston called up fellow southpaw Joe Jacques from Triple-A Worcester to fill in for Rodriguez.
Rodriguez, 31, hasn’t pitched since last Tuesday, when he allowed three hits across two innings of scoreless relief against the Atlanta Braves. In 11 relief appearances this season, Rodriguez has yet to earn a decision while posting a 6.55 ERA with 14 strikeouts.
Jacques, 28, was with the Red Sox for most of June and July before getting optioned to Worcester on Saturday. He went 2-1 with a 4.86 ERA and 13 strikeouts in 14 appearances (one start) during his first big-league stint this season. Jacques also had one save.
REDS ACQUIRE LHP SAM MOLL FROM ATHLETICS
The Cincinnati Reds acquired left-handed reliever Sam Moll from the Oakland Athletics in exchange for right-hander Joe Boyle on Monday. The Reds also will receive international pool money in the deal.
Moll, 31, has an ERA of 4.54 in 45 games played (one start) with 46 strikeouts and 19 walks in 37 2/3 innings this season. Moll has spent parts of four seasons in the majors with the A’s (2017, 2021-23) with a career ERA of 4.13 in 117 games (one start) with 107 strikeouts and 49 walks in 98 innings.
Boyle, 23, has been on the Reds’ minor league system since they selected him in the fifth round of the 2020 draft out of Notre Dame. Boyle has a 6-5 record and 4.50 ERA with 122 strikeouts and 75 walks across 84 innings pitched for Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts.
The Reds have moved Hunter Greene (right hip pain) from the 15- to the 60-day injured list to make room for Moll on the 40-man roster.
CLEVELAND GUARDIANS TRADE PITCHER AARON CIVALE TO TAMPA BAY RAYS FOR FIRST BASE PROSPECT
CLEVELAND (AP) Known for smart, savvy moves to improve their roster, the Guardians pulled off a puzzling one on Monday.
The Rays made one out of desperation.
In the midst of a tight playoff race, Cleveland traded Aaron Civale, the club’s hottest pitcher and one of baseball’s best over the past month, to Tampa Bay for minor league prospect Kyle Manzardo, currently sidelined with a shoulder injury.
Despite being neck and neck with Minnesota in the AL Central, the Guardians dealt Civale, who can help them defend their division title, for the 23-year-old Manzardo with no proven major league record.
“This was a really tough trade to make,” said Chris Antonetti, the club’s president of baseball operations. “But we did feel it was a unique opportunity to acquire someone like Kyle. It came at a steep cost, but we do feel we have some options to turn to.”
Civale’s name has been thrown around in trade speculation for weeks, which has coincided with the 28-year-old right-hander pitching as well as he has in several seasons. Civale went 3-0 with a 1.45 ERA in six July starts and worked six scoreless innings Sunday in a win over the Chicago White Sox to improve to 5-2.
The Rays have had their share of pitching problems this season, and Civale gives them another solid starter for the playoff push. Tampa Bay entered the week 1 1/2 games behind first-place Baltimore in the AL East and leading the wild-card standings by four games.
“He’s got some postseason experience. And he knows how to win. I think that’s what helps,” Tampa Bay manager Kevin Cash said in New York.
Civale is expected to join the Rays at Yankee Stadium on Wednesday and make his Tampa Bay debut Saturday in Detroit. He will replace rookie Taj Bradley in the rotation. Bradley was optioned to Triple-A Durham on Monday, and the Rays recalled right-handed reliever Ryan Thompson.
“This was the most obvious need that we had,” Tampa Bay president of baseball operations Erik Neander said on a Zoom call. “This was the big item for us. If we’re going to pay a big price it makes sense to do it for someone you have a chance to keep around for more than a few months.”
The Rays have been short on starters with Jeffrey Springs and Drew Rasmussen suffering season-ending injuries, and Shane McClanahan and Tyler Glasnow missing time.
Civale slots into a rotation that includes McClanahan, Glasnow and Zach Eflin, who had an MRI on his left knee last week but remains on track to pitch Tuesday against the Yankees.
“I’ve seen his name on ESPN recently about a pretty good month of July, so that makes me excited,” Rays second baseman Brandon Lowe said before the opener of a three-game series against the Yankees. “Hopefully he comes in and doesn’t miss a beat and keeps doing exactly what he’s been doing. No more pressure than what he’s been dealing with over in Cleveland.”
Tampa Bay’s starters have been effective – their collective 3.75 ERA ranks second in the majors behind the Padres – but they’ve also left a lot of work for the bullpen by working just 509 innings, 26th in the majors entering this week.
“I feel like our pitching has done a really good job to date, and we just added another one that’s good,” Cash said. “If we can keep him healthy along with the other guys, we should be OK.”
The Guardians have dealt with injuries to their rotation all season and are currently missing ace Shane Bieber, Triston McKenzie and Cal Quantrill. While the move with Civale creates a major pitching void for Cleveland, president of baseball operations Chris Antonetti said getting a player of Manzardo’s stature was more important.
Antonetti said it’s possible the Guardians could make more trades before Tuesday’s deadline to address their pitching issues. The team has leaned on rookies Tanner Bibee, Logan Allen and Gavin Williams for much of the season, but all are nearing inning limits in their first major league seasons.
Noah Syndergaard, acquired last week in a trade with the Dodgers, could help. The oft-injured right-hander is making his debut for the Guardians on Monday in Houston.
Manzardo, 23, was named Tampa Bay’s top minor leaguer in 2022 after hitting .327 with 22 homers and 81 RBIs in 93 games between Class A and Double-A. Antonetti expects Manzardo to be playing in minor league games by the end of the season.
Cleveland has been in the market for a young power hitter for some time. The team is hoping Manzardo can end that search.
“The industry holds Kyle in high regard and we think he can develop into a really good offensive player and he’s a guy that’s near or close to the major leagues at some point in the next few seasons,” Antonetti said. “Those guys are not easy to acquire and so we made the choice in this case as we surveyed the landscape, but this is the right path forward for us.”
CHICAGO CUBS ACQUIRE JEIMER CANDELARIO IN A TRADE WITH THE WASHINGTON NATIONALS
CHICAGO (AP) Looking for some help for their lineup, the Chicago Cubs turned to a familiar face.
Chicago reacquired Jeimer Candelario in a trade with the Washington Nationals on Monday, signaling a change in philosophy for the Cubs after it looked as if they had stumbled out of the playoff race.
Candelario, one of the top hitters on the market ahead of Tuesday’s trade deadline, is batting .258 with 16 homers and 53 RBIs in 99 games in a resurgent performance. He was non-tendered by Detroit in November and then signed a $5 million, one-year contract with Washington.
“To be able to put up the numbers he’s been putting up this year and be able to come over here and help us out, that’s huge,” Cubs manager David Ross said.
The Cubs also acquired right-hander José Cuas in a trade with Kansas City for minor league outfielder Nelson Velázquez.
Candelario, 29, signed with Chicago in 2010 and made his big league debut with the Cubs in 2016. He was traded to Detroit with fellow infielder Isaac Paredes for catcher Alex Avila and reliever Justin Wilson at the 2017 deadline.
The Cubs got Candelario and cash from Washington for minor league left-hander DJ Herz and infielder Kevin Made.
“I’m excited to have him back and a part of this group and hit right in the middle of our lineup,” Cubs outfielder Ian Happ said. “It’ll be great.”
Herz, 22, an eighth-round pick in the 2019 amateur draft, is 1-1 with a 3.97 ERA in 14 starts for Double-A Tennessee this season. Made, 20, hit .241 with three homers and 25 RBIs in 70 games for High-A South Bend.
Last-place Washington (45-62) is likely heading for its fourth consecutive losing season. It also could move outfielder Lane Thomas and closer Kyle Finnegan ahead of the deadline.
“Jeimer was awesome. He was everything I expected and more,” Nationals manager Dave Martinez said. “He did well for us and we’ll miss him but he’s going to go help the Cubs try to get to the playoffs and win a championship, so good for him. We’ll miss him. He gets to move on. That opens up an opportunity for somebody else.”
It looked as if Chicago was going to be a seller as late as July 17, when it lost 7-5 to Washington to drop to 43-50. But it used an eight-game win streak to get back into the playoff race.
The Cubs (53-53) dropped back to .500 with Monday night’s 6-5 loss to Cincinnati. They trail the NL Central-leading Reds by five games, and they also are in the mix for a wild card.
Candelario, a New York City native who moved to the Dominican Republic when he was 5, is a .243 hitter with 82 homers and 301 RBIs in 705 career games. He likely will see time at third base and designated hitter with Chicago.
Candelario had his best season with Detroit in 2021, batting .271 with 16 homers and a career-best 67 RBIs. He also tied for the major league lead with 42 doubles.
The 29-year-old Cuas went 3-0 with a 4.54 ERA in 45 appearances with Kansas City this year. He made his big league debut with the Royals last season.
The 24-year-old Velázquez, a fifth-round pick in the 2017 amateur draft, played in 13 games with Chicago this year, batting .241 with three homers and six RBIs.
D-BACKS BECOME BUYERS AT TRADE DEADLINE, ADD MARINERS CLOSER PAUL SEWALD IN EXCHANGE FOR 3 PLAYERS
PHOENIX (AP) The Arizona Diamondbacks solidified the back of their bullpen ahead of the trade deadline, acquiring closer Paul Sewald from the Seattle Mariners on Monday in exchange for infielder Josh Rojas, outfielder Dominic Canzone and minor leaguer Ryan Bliss.
The D-backs opted to be buyers at the deadline despite entering Monday’s game at San Francisco with a 7-16 record in July and a 56-50 mark overall. They began the day four games behind the Dodgers in the NL West and one game back from the final spot in the crowded NL wild-card race.
Arizona made another move later in the day, acquiring infielder Jace Peterson and cash from the Oakland Athletics in exchange right-hander Chad Patrick.
Sewald has been a mainstay at the back of Seattle’s bullpen for the past three seasons. Arizona manager Torey Lovullo stood up in excitement when the reliever returned his call Monday, and Sewald is expected to join the club Tuesday in San Francisco.
“He’s very eager to step into the role that we all expect him to step into and help us win some baseball games,” Lovullo said. “It’s just good to hear his voice and his excitement. I know he’s very focused on getting here as quick as possible.”
Still, it was “very hard” for Lovullo to say goodbye to Rojas and the others.
“It’s part of the game, that’s what I explained to them, as hard as it was,” the manager said.
Sewald has a career-high 21 saves this season in 45 appearances, after recording 20 saves in 2022 and 11 in 2021. In his three seasons with Seattle, Sewald has an 18-8 record and 2.88 ERA in 172 games.
“Gonna miss this place,” Sewald said. “It was an amazing three years and changed my life, changed my career – personally, professionally. I owe a lot to the people here and feel like I gave them everything I had for three years and it’s going to be tough.
“But the Diamondbacks traded for me which meant they wanted me more and I’m excited to get to Arizona and do what I can.”
Arizona’s bullpen has struggled of late, with a rotating cast of closers like Scott McGough, Andrew Chafin and Miguel Castro. Sewald’s arrival should give the Diamondbacks some certainty on who will handle the ninth inning.
For Seattle, it’s a similar move to two seasons ago when the Mariners dealt then-closer Kendall Graveman to Houston at the deadline in exchange for utilityman Abraham Toro and reliever Joe Smith. At that time, the Mariners were nine games over .500. They ended the season 90-72, barely missing out on a wild-card spot.
The Mariners have hovered around .500 for most of 2023. They started Monday 5 1/2 games back in the AL West and 4 1/2 games behind in the wild-card race.
“It’s a good baseball trade, but it’s one that hurts just because of our relationship with Paul and what Paul’s meant to us,” Mariners manager Scott Servais said.
Servais added that the Mariners aren’t necessarily waving the white flag after adding two players – Rojas and Canzone – who are already in the big leagues.
“Players never want to see a guy like (Sewald) walk out the door,” Servais said. “But you have to wait and see what comes in the door. There’s a lot of ways of improving your team and giving your team a better chance maybe to make a run at the playoffs and hopefully the guys we acquired can come in and help us.”
Rojas – a Phoenix-area native – was a mainstay for the Diamondbacks in 2021 and 2022, but has struggled this season. He’s got a .252 career batting average and 22 homers. A change of scenery might be good for the versatile player, who has spent time at third base, second base, shortstop and even the outfield, but admitted it was tough to leave home.
“It’s been an awesome experience being able to play at home, in front of my friends and family,” Rojas said. “So that’s definitely going to be missed.”
Canzone recently made his big league debut and has a .237 average with a homer and eight RBIs in 41 plate appearances. Bliss was batting .358 with 12 homers at Double-A Amarillo. He was drafted in the second round out of Auburn in 2021.
The D-backs and Mariners just completed a three-game series at Chase Field, with Seattle winning two of three.
SCHERZER COSTS TEXAS $22.5M, WITH METS TO PAY RANGERS JUST OVER $35.5M THROUGH 2024
(AP) — The New York Mets are paying Texas $35.51 million over the next 14 months as part of the Max Scherzer trade, leaving the Rangers in effect responsible for $22.5 million owed to the three-time Cy Young Award winner, according to details of the deal obtained by The Associated Press.
New York, just 50-55 despite a record-high payroll, has cut costs by nearly $26 million in pay and luxury tax this year by getting rid of Scherzer and reliever David Robertson ahead of Tuesday’s trade deadline. The Mets have offloaded just over $13.5 million in salary, resulting in an additional tax saving of about $12.15 million.
Texas acquired Scherzer on Sunday for minor league infielder Luisangel Acuña, a brother of Atlanta All-Star outfielder Ronald Acuña Jr. Scherzer’s cost to the Rangers is $10 million this year and $12.5 million in 2024.
The Rangers assumed responsibility for the 39-year-old right-hander’s salary on Monday, when he was owed $58.01 million for the remainder of a $130 million, three-year contract he agreed to before the 2022 season.
Of the $14.67 million left of Scherzer’s $43.33 million salary for this season’s final 64 days, the Mets will pay Texas $4.67 million in four installments of $1.16 million on Aug. 15 and 31 and Sept. 15 and 30.
Scherzer gets a $43.33 million salary next season in the final year of the deal. The Mets will pay the Rangers $30.83 million in 12 installments of $2.56 million on the 15th and final day of each month from April 2024 through September 2024.
New York’s payroll rose to a projected $365 million after it acquired reliever Trevor Gott from Seattle on July 3, and the Mets’ luxury tax payroll increased to about $385 million. That was on track for a tax of about $95 million.
When the Mets traded Robertson to Miami last week, the Marlins assumed $3.54 million remaining of Robertson’s $10 million salary.
VERLANDER QUESTIONS COMMITMENT TO METS AFTER SCHERZER DEAL: ‘HOW DO YOU NOT?’
Justin Verlander joined the New York Mets with eyes on a third ring. The team’s recent moves now have him reconsidering whether that’s really in his future.
Although general manager Billy Eppler said that trading Max Scherzer to the Texas Rangers was not signaling a fire sale in Flushing, Verlander admitted Sunday that the Scherzer deal has given him some pause about his commitment to the team.
“How do you not think about it?” he told Tim Britton of The Athletic after pitching the Mets to a win. “When you see that happen, you can’t help but think: What’s in store for next year? We play the game to win, and you want the opportunity to do so.”
“Max is a tough sign if you’re trying to go back at it,” Verlander added. “It changed my opinion a little bit.”
Verlander and Scherzer were supposed to be leading a formidable Mets rotation to the top of the NL East. Although both star pitchers did their jobs, especially over the last month, the star-studded Mets have flopped overall and head into the deadline as sure-fire sellers. Scherzer approved the trade to Texas one day after he expressed dissatisfaction with the front office dealing closer David Robertson to the Miami Marlins for prospects.
Even before the Scherzer deal, there were questions about Verlander’s future with the Mets. The Rangers, Houston Astros, San Francisco Giants, and Los Angeles Dodgers have all been linked to the reigning AL Cy Young Award winner this month.
Like Scherzer, Verlander has a no-trade clause. Any potential deal would also come with financial complications. He’ll earn $43.33 million next year and could trigger a $35-million player option for 2025 if certain conditions are met.
The 40-year-old has turned things around after a rough start to his Mets career, putting up a 1.69 ERA and 1.02 WHIP over six starts in July. He was given a loud ovation while leaving the mound Sunday, something he said he’ll “always remember” no matter what happens over the next few days. Verlander also reaffirmed Sunday that his first choice is to stay with the Mets, so long as the organization’s goals of winning in 2024 align with his own.
“I’m committed to trying to win a championship here,” Verlander said. “But if the organization decides that that’s not exactly the direction that they think is best fit to go for next year and go for it again, then, yeah, I’d be more open to (a trade).
“Right now there’s a lot of gray area. I can’t make a decision on a lot of what-ifs. I deal in facts.”
MLB PAYS $185 MILLION IN SETTLEMENT OF MINOR LEAGUERS’ MINIMUM WAGE LAWSUIT
NEW YORK (AP) — Major League Baseball has paid its $185 million settlement of a lawsuit by minor leaguers alleging violations of minimum wage laws.
Under terms of the settlement agreed to last year, about 24,000 players from 2009-22 were potentially eligible to share the money, with estimated payments to players averaging in the $5,000 to $5,500 range. MLB said Monday it had transferred the money to JND Legal Administration, which is expected to make the payments by Aug. 14.
Minor leaguers unionized last September and agreed this spring to a five-year labor contract that more than doubled player salaries.
The settlement covers all players with minor league contracts who played in the California League for at least seven straight days starting on Feb. 7, 2010, through the settlement’s preliminary approval last Aug. 26; players who participated in spring training, extended spring training or instructional leagues in Florida from Feb. 7, 2009, through last Aug. 26; and players who participated in spring training, extended spring training or instructional leagues in Arizona from Feb. 7, 2011, through last Aug. 26.
The suit was filed in 2014 by first baseman/outfielder Aaron Senne, a 10th-round pick of the then-Florida Marlins in 2009 who retired in 2013, and two other retired players who had been lower-round selections: Kansas City Royals infielder Michael Liberto and San Francisco Giants pitcher Oliver Odle. They claimed violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act and state minimum wage and overtime requirements for a work week they estimated at 50 to 60 hours.